First Indirect Drive Experiment Using a Six-Cylinder-Port Hohlraum.

The new hohlraum experimental platform and the quasi-3D simulation model are developed to enable the study of the indirect drive experiment using the six-cylinder-port hohlraum for the first time. It is also the first implosion experiment for the six laser-entrance-hole hohlraum to effectively use all the laser beams of the laser facility that is primarily designed for the cylindrical hohlraum. The experiments performed at the 100 kJ Laser Facility produce a peak hohlraum radiation temperature of ∼222 eV for ∼80 kJ and 2 ns square laser pulse. The inferred x-ray conversion efficiency η∼87% is similar to the cylindrical hohlraum and higher than the octahedral spherical hohlraum at the same laser facility, while the low laser backscatter is similar to the outer cone of the cylindrical hohlraum. The hohlraum radiation temperature and M-band (>1.6 keV) flux can be well reproduced by the quasi-3D simulation. The variations of the yield-over-clean and the hot spot shape can also be semiquantitatively explained by the calculated major radiation asymmetry of the quasi-3D simulation. Our work demonstrates the capability for the study of the indirect drive with the six-cylinder-port hohlraum at the cylindrically configured laser facility, which is essential for numerically assessing the laser energy required by the ignition-scale six-cylinder-port hohlraum.

Full particle-in-cell simulation of the formation and structure of a collisional plasma shock wave.

The formation and structure of a collisional shock wave in a fully ionized plasma is studied via full particle-in-cell simulations, which allows the complex momentum and energy transfer processes between different charged particles to be treated self-consistently. The kinetic energy of the plasma flow drifting towards a reflecting piston is found to be rapidly converted into thermal motion under the cooperative effects of ion-ion collisions, ion-electron collisions, and electric field charged-particle interactions. The subsequent shock evolution is influenced by the "precursor" ion beam before a quasisteady state is reached. The shock wave structure is then analyzed from a two-fluid transport viewpoint, which is found to be affected by "flux-limiting" electron transport, the nonthermal ions, and the charge separation electric field.

[Improvement of anti-stokes energy transfer between rare earth ions--2. Numerical calculation and analysis].

The dynamics of all levels were calculated numerically in the present article for Er(0.5)Yb(3):FOV oxyfluoride nanophase vitroceramics. The population dynamical processes were analyzed carefully. It was found for the first time that traditional phonon-assisted energy transfer theory of rare earth ion energy transfer can not well explain the observed experimental calibrated results, as it does not take into account the difference between Stokes and anti-Stokes process. A coefficient, the improved factor of the intensity ratio of Stokes to anti-Stokes process in quantum Raman theory compared to classical Raman theory, was introduced for the first time to successfully describe the anti-Stokes energy transfer. The theoretical improvement results are coincident with experiments very well. This improvement is very significant and indispensable when the photonics of nanomaterials is probed.

[Improvement in the calculation of anti-Stokes energy transfer between rare earth ions. 1. Experiment and theoretical basis].

A photonic phenomenon of fluorescence intensity reverse between red and green fluorescence was studied theoretically and experimentally in the present article. It was found by experiment that Er(0.5) Yb(9.5) : FOV oxyfluoride vitroceramics exhibits strong fluorescence intensity reverse phenomenon. The range of the intensity reverse of Er(0.5) Yb(9.5) : FOV was measured to be 877. Moreover, all basic spectroscopic parameters were calculated. The theoretical basis of numerical calculation for dynamics processes of all levels was established.

[Calculation and analysis of optical transitions of Pr3+ ions in fluoride glass].

Intensity parameters of Pr3+ in ZBLAN glass were calculated using Judd-Ofelt(J-O) theory with absorption spectrum measurement. The anomalous behavior of Pr3+ was discussed using J-O theory. Base on the intensity parameters, the optical parameters such as spontaneous emission rate, branching ratio, and integrated emission cross section etc were predicted. The future of the glass as a laser material was discussed, and the probability of photon avalanche in the material was also analysed.

[Fluorescence spectroscopy study of human serum albumin quenched by rifampicin capsules].

It is obvious that the albumin is a kind of important large biophysical molecular. The albumin is the main component of plasma within cell. It is also the matter basis of life phenomenon. The fluorescence spectroscopy of human serum albumin (HSA) and the interaction of HSA and the rifampicin capsules (lfp) were studied. When the rifampicin capsules (lfp) was added into HSA solution gradually, an interesting new phenomenon emerged in emission spectrum. The combination constant of rifampicin capsules (lfp) is about Ks = 5.149 x 10(4) L x mol(-1), and the dissociation constant is about Kd = 19.42 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1). The quenching process of rifampicin capsules (lfp)-HSA is not dynamic quenching, which resulted from the molecular diffusion and collision. That is the static quenching process resulting from the chemical component between molecules. The energy transfer efficiency between rifampicin capsules (lfp) and HSA is E=0.42. According to these calculation results, the combination position between the binding site of rifampicin capsules (lfp) and the tryptophane of HSA is about R=2.567 nm. The critical distance, when transfer efficiency equals 50%, is about R0 = 2.433 nm.

[Fluorescence spectroscopy study of humen serum albumin quenched by levofloxacin].

The fluorescence spectroscopy of humen serum albumin (HSA) and the interaction of HSA and the Levofloxacin were studied. When the Levofloxacin was added into HSA solution gradually, an interesting new phenomenon emerged in emission spectrum peak. The intensity of 343.70 nm emission peak of HSA decreased obviously and moved towards long-wavelength, which is atypical quenching phenomenon. It was found that the excitation peak of HSA was positioned at 286.70 nm also. A new emission peak emerged at 503.96 nm, which resulted from the Levofloxacin. The excitation peaks of 503.96 nm fluorescence of Levofloxacin were positioned at 300.16 nm and 336.16 nm. When Levoflaxasin was added into HSA gradually, the 300.16 nm and 336.16 nm excitation peaks moved towards long wavelength. The dissociation constant of Levofloxacin from HSA is about Kd = 3.65 x 10(-5) (mol x L(-1)). The combination constant of Levofloxacin is about Ks = 2.742 x 10(4) (L x mol(-1)). The quenching process of Levofloxacin-HSA is not dynamic quenching, which resulted from the molecular diffusion and collision. It is caused by the static quenching process resulting from the chemical component between molecules. The energy transfer efficiency between Levofloxacin and HSA is E = 0.372. According to these calculation results, the combination position between the binding site of Levofloxacin and the tryptophane of HSA is about R = 1.933 nm.

[Study of reference material for excitation spectrum wavelength calibration of fluorescence spectrophotometer].

A reference material used for wavelength calibration of fluorescence spectrophotometer was found. The holmium doped oxide reference material GBW(E) 130112 is a kind of standard reference material for absorption spectrophotometer. It can emit 547.7 nm fluorescence when excited by xenon lamp light. The excitation spectrum of 547.7 nm fluorescence was measured. It was found that the measured peaks of excitation spectrum are positioned at 333.56, 360.43 and 418.39 nm, respectively, which are coincident with the true values 333.8, 360.9 and 418.5 nm of reference material certification. It was illustrated that the holmium doped oxide reference material GBW(E)130112 could be used as reference material for the excitation wavelength calibration of the fluorescence spectrophotometer. Its property could be enhanced very much if high luminescent efficiency material is selected as rare earth ion doped matrix, and the purity is enhanced to reduce the cross relaxation.